Papillomas are a type of neoplasm that appears on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. In most cases, the pathology manifests itself in the form of genital warts, which have a pointed shape and flat warts. These growths can appear on any area of the human body. When the pathology occurs on the background of the activity of human papilloma virus, the disease is characterized as an oncogene. This nature is explained by the fact that the risk of degeneration of the growth into a malignant tumor is greater than seventy percent. The topic of this article is what papillomas are and why they appear.
The reason for the appearance of papillomas
The most common reason for the appearance of papillomas is the activity of the HPV virus in the body. This virus enters the body during promiscuous sexual intercourse or during unprotected intercourse with an infection carrier. Much less often, the disease manifests itself in people who abuse alcohol, tobacco and drugs.
It should also be noted that the risk group susceptible to this infection includes people with weakened immunity, metabolic disorders and problems with the functioning of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Failure to follow the rules of personal hygiene plays an important role in spreading the infection.
Bitan!The virus can be transmitted to a newborn if the mother was infected in the last months of pregnancy.
It is very important to know that the infection is not only transmitted through traditional sexual intercourse. If there are microtraumas on the body of one of the sexual partners that disrupt the integrity of the skin, the virus can enter the body through them. By becoming infected with HPV, a person becomes a carrier of the virus, because it is impossible to completely remove the infection from the body. All therapies for this disease should be aimed at strengthening the immune system in order for the immune system to fight the disease on its own.
The development of the disease takes place latently, which indicates that the virus does not manifest itself for a long period of time. The incubation period can last from a month to a year.
Stages of disease development
Given the question of why papillomas occur, it should be said that the disease manifests itself only as a consequence of reduced performance of the immune system. Once the infection enters the human body, the virus begins to spread in the basal epithelial cells.
In the next stage of infection development, various growths form on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. Such growths can appear not only on the surface of the body, but also on the internal organs.
A papilloma is a benign tumor of the epidermis that consists of microscopic nodules that are flesh-colored or dark brown in color.
Clinical picture
This pathology does not have a uniform clinical picture. The nature of the symptoms depends on the location of the growth and the type of virus that is causing the changes in the body. The main symptomatology inherent in the activity of HPV infection is the appearance of warts and genital warts. It should also be noted that the HPV virus is an oncogene, so it is very important to consult a specialist in a timely manner and start therapy.
Symptoms such as hypothermia, itching and tingling and peeling are rare. All these symptoms are characteristic of neoplasms located on those parts of the body that are prone to increased friction.
Types of neoplasms
There are five main types of neoplasms: squamous, plantar, spiky, simple, filamentous. Let's look at the reasons for the appearance of papillomas on the body, examining each of the types of neoplasms in detail.
Pointed papillomas
Pointed papillomas (condylomas) occur as a result of HPV infection during sexual intercourse. In addition to the basic shape, these growths on the skin can look like small bubbles that contain fluid. At a certain stage of development, the growths open on their own, which leads to the creation of weeping wounds and an unpleasant odor.
This type of neoplasm has the highest degree of oncogenicity. According to statistics, this type of growth most often degenerates into a tumor of a malignant nature. In addition to unaesthetic appearance, genital warts can cause serious discomfort during intercourse or walking. The main method of treating this form of the disease is the removal of the papilloma by cryodestruction.
Squamous papillomas
This type of formation on the body is considered to be one of the most common. Such papillomas provide their owner with discomfort only in an aesthetic sense. This type of growth is almost never accompanied by changes in patient well-being. The formations are localized in the area of the palms, soles or back.
Papillomas do not go away on their own, they can exist for many years without causing anxiety.
On which parts of the body are HPV indicators localized?
Outgrowths caused by the activity of human papilloma virus can form anywhere on the human body. However, most often neoplasms appear on such parts of the body as:
- tongue and throat;
- genitals;
- fingers;
- mammary glands.
With a severe form of the disease, papillomas can form in the genitourinary system and the urethra itself.
Papillomas in the breast area
An intraductal neoplasm is a tumor that originates in the milk duct. Tumor formation is accompanied by redness of the nipples, the appearance of mild itching and tingling, as well as other negative manifestations. At certain stages of pathology development, the patient may feel severe pain with each contact with the affected part of the body. Later, a discharge of different colors and an unpleasant odor appears on the affected area.
A tumor detected in time does not pose a health hazard. However, prolonged delay of therapy may lead to the fact that the intraductal neoplasm will degenerate into a malignant tumor. This rebirth is dangerously high risk of developing breast cancer.
This growth has the shape of a wart and resembles a small process. The color of the protrusion itself can differ significantly from the basic skin color. Many wonder why papillomas occur in the mammary gland area. Among the most common reasons for the appearance of this pathology, experts identify the impact of infectious diseases of a chronic nature, metabolic disorders or ovaries. In addition, the reasons for the appearance of intraductal tumors can be: reduced immunity or abortion procedure.
The risk group susceptible to this disease includes women with bad habits, as well as girls who have a promiscuous sex life.
Papillomas in the throat
This type of neoplasm develops on the surface of the laryngeal mucosa. The development of the disease occurs latently, ie the patient does not feel any negative changes in the body. Very rarely, the early stages of papilloma formation are accompanied by a feeling of discomfort.
However, at a certain stage in the development of the pathology, the patient begins to feel difficulty breathing, feel a foreign body in the throat, and feel pain. Enlargement of the affected area can lead to changes in voice and breathing patterns. There are several specific reasons for the development of this form of the disease. The main reason is the presence of chronic diseases, as well as acute infectious diseases of the sick in childhood.
Alcohol, tobacco and drug abuse play a significant role in the development of this type of papilloma. In addition, neoplasms can occur as a result of frequent changes of sexual partners and refusal to use barrier methods of contraception.
Infection with this type of virus can occur when visiting the pool, swimming pool and other public places. It is very important that the main component of the development of pathology is a weakened immune system that can not resist the activity of the virus.
An integrated approach is used to treat this form of pathology. In the first phase of therapy, it is necessary to undergo the procedure of removing the growths. After that, the doctor should prescribe the intake of antiviral drugs in order to prevent recurrence of the disease. Even in this phase of therapy, it is important to pay attention to strengthening the immune system with vitamins and immunomodulators.
Papillomas in the cervical region
Talking about what a papilloma is and what it looks like, we can't help but pay attention to this type of neoplasm. This type of wart growth has uneven borders. The growths are localized on the surface of the lining of the uterus. Like genital warts, this type of neoplasm has a high degree of oncogenicity. Lack of timely therapy can lead to the development of cancer.
The main reasons for the development of this pathology lie in weak immunity, non-compliance with hygiene rules, bad habits and promiscuous sexual intercourse. The most common cause of papilloma is unprotected contact with an active carrier of the HPV virus.
Symptoms of disease development are expressed by enlargement of regional lymph nodes. Also, many patients are concerned about the burning sensation in the groin. In the background of the development of papillomas there is a discharge of unusual color with an unpleasant odor. To get rid of this type of growth, you will need to go through a process removal process. In addition, a long course of antiviral drug treatment will be required to prevent recurrence of the disease.
Bitan!Genital neoplasms can occur in both women and men. The main difference between this disease in men and women is that papillomas in men rarely degenerate into a malignant tumor. If one partner has an HPV infection, both partners must receive antiviral treatment.
Papillomas in the oral cavity
Papillomas in the area of the tongue have the shape of papillary shoots a few centimeters in diameter. The reason for the manifestation of this category of growths is close contact with the carrier of the infection. However, the infection can also occur at home.
Transmission from the household most often occurs in young children. At this stage of life, children get to know the world around them with the help of touch. Because immunity in childhood is not yet sufficiently developed, the virus easily enters the body.
You can get infected with someone else's towel, bedding, gloves, shaving accessories.
Disease therapy
Now is the time to think about how to treat papillomas on the body. The method of therapy depends on the location of the growth, the depth of the lesion and the nature of the disease. The first phase of treatment is the removal of existing neoplasms. The cryodestruction method is most often used for this purpose.
Today, more and more experts recommend the technique of radiowave surgery to their patients. This method is completely painless and allows you to remove growths without leaving visible traces. Radio waves affect not only the process itself, but also its root, which guarantees the prevention of recurrence.
In addition, papillomas are removed by excision, laser exposure and current pulse therapy. In case the growth is not prone to degeneration into a cancerous tumor, external drugs can be used.
It is possible to use strong antiviral drugs only after the etiology of the disease is determined and the exact type of virus is determined. Using creams and ointments in the initial stage of the disease allows you to achieve a lasting result on your own.
HPV therapy must necessarily be comprehensive. Immunomodulators, vitamins and antiviral agents prevent the development of relapse. Timely detection of pathology will prevent serious complications, in the form of degeneration of growths into a cancerous tumor.